Bluetooth Low Energy Security Testing, Consolidated: Introducing Caeruleus
The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) tooling space is fragmented and decaying. Picture a typical BLE testing session: you spin up bettercap to run ble.recon and ble.enum, your trusty (but deprecated) gatttool to read and write handles, and, when it’s time to fuzz that one writable characteristic, dig up that custom Bleak script you copy-paste between […]
FreeBSoD: Leveraging Language Models to Find and Exploit Kernel Bugs (Part 2 of 2)
Overview In the first installment of this series, I walked through how I leveraged large language models to assist in identifying several vulnerabilities in the FreeBSD kernel, including a stack-based buffer overflow assigned CVE-2026-3038. This raised a natural follow-up question. Can language models effectively write exploits for memory corruption vulnerabilities? This article explores that question. […]
Knossos: Procedurally Generated Decoy Environments
How we built a procedural engine that learns your real cloud environment, generates decoy environments indistinguishable from production, and converts every attacker interaction into signal. In the myth, Daedalus built the Labyrinth of Knossos so well that he nearly couldn’t escape it himself. The corridors looked real. The paths felt purposeful. And the deeper you […]
500,000 Vulnerabilities, 14 That Matter: How Exploit Chain Analysis Cuts Through the Noise
When 500,000 Findings Hide 14 Real Threats Modern enterprises ingest vulnerability data from dozens of sources: endpoint detection and response platforms, vulnerability scanners, cloud security posture tools, container image scanners. A large organization can easily accumulate hundreds of thousands of individual findings. The standard response is to sort by CVSS score, filter for criticals, and […]
Bypassing LLM Supervisor Agents Through Indirect Prompt Injection
Indirect prompt injection lets attackers bypass LLM supervisor agents by hiding malicious instructions in profile fields and contextual data. Learn how this attack works and how to defend against it.
Meet Vespasian. It Sees What Static Analysis Can’t.
Praetorian is excited to announce the release of Vespasian, a probabilistic API endpoint discovery, enumeration, and analysis tool. Vespasian watches real HTTP traffic from a headless browser or your existing proxy captures and turns it into API specifications (OpenAPI, GraphQL SDL, WSDL). We built it because pentesters spend the first days of every API engagement […]
Your API Has Authorization Bugs. Hadrian Finds Them.
Authorization vulnerabilities are the most common critical finding in our API penetration tests. We find them on nearly every engagement: a user changes an ID in the URL and gets back another user’s data. Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) has been the #1 risk on the OWASP API Security Top 10 since the list was […]
Reflecting on Your Tier Model: CVE-2025-33073 and the One-Hop Problem
The False Sense of Security SMB signing on domain controllers has become standard practice across most Active Directory environments. But this hardening may have created a false sense of security. CVE-2025-33073 changes the calculus by removing the prerequisite of admin access, enabling NTLM relay attack Active Directory exploitation through unconstrained delegation. Domain controllers enforce SMB […]
Which Came First: The System Prompt, or the RCE?
During a recent penetration test, we came across an AI-powered desktop application that acted as a bridge between Claude (Opus 4.5) and a third-party asset management platform. The idea is simple: instead of clicking through dashboards and making API calls, users just ask the agent to do it for them. “How many open tickets do […]
Azure APIM Signup Bypass: 97.9% of Developer Portals Still Exploitable Anonymously and from the Internet
The Azure APIM signup bypass is a critical vulnerability affecting 97.9% of internet-facing Developer Portals. Azure API Management (APIM) exposes APIs to external consumers through a Developer Portal, the interface where developers self-register, obtain API keys, and make API calls. The default APIM configuration ships with Basic Authentication enabled as the identity provider and the […]